The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA) established a “zero-tolerance” standard for prison rape and mandated that the U.S. Department of Justice make the prevention of prison rape a top priority. With the implementation of PREA and the active engagement of correctional officials, a multifaceted effort to understand the extent of prison sexual violence and to identify solutions for reducing it is well under way. This “NIJ Journal” article examines three NIJ studies on the nature of sexual violence, inmates’ perceptions of sexual violence, and U.S. Department of Corrections initiatives to address the problem.