Congress created the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants (JAIBG) in 1997 to encourage States and localities to strengthen prosecution and adjudication of juvenile offenders, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention began awarding JAIBG funds in 1998. The National Institute of Justice authorized Abt Associates Inc. to conduct a process evaluation to determine how block grant funds were spent in the initial years of the grant and how States and localities conformed to five policy objectives envisioned by Congress—namely, using graduated sanctions for subsequent offenses, prosecuting serious juvenile offenders as adults, developing comparable juvenile records systems with those of adult systems, establishing appropriate juvenile substance abuse testing, and promoting parental responsibility for juvenile supervision. This Research for Policy, based on a more extensive final report to NIJ, discusses the key evaluation findings.