Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world has become the target of a new global crime threat from organizations and criminal activities that have poured forth over the borders of Russia and other former Soviet republics. This report traces some of the contextual features of Russian organized crime, looks at moves by the Russian government since 1991 to cope with its crime problem, and presents a case study of organized crime in the Urals region of Russia. It also discusses the real and potential impacts of Russian organized crime on the United States.