Crime exacts a heavy toll—on governments, on society at large, and especially on its victims. The cost of crime has two dimensions: a dollar amount calculated by adding up property losses, productivity losses, and medical bills, and an amount less easily quantifiable because it takes the forms of pain, emotional trauma, and risk of death from victimization. Just how much social resources are drained has been uncertain; previous studies have estimated some of the short-term costs attendant on victimization, but long-term estimates have been incomplete. The research summarized in The Extent and Costs of Crime Victimization: A New Look adds in the long-term costs and the intangibles of pain, suffering, and risk of death.