In late November 1995, 45 police officials, criminal justice scholars and researchers, and community organization representatives met for a day to discuss the topic "Measuring What Matters." This Research in Action reports on that meeting and its attempt to critically examine the relationship between police performance and indicators such as crime, fear, disorder, and citizen satisfaction with police service in the context of changing philosophies of policing. Two questions formed the basis of the day's discussion: How should the amount of crime, disorder, and fear and their effects on the quality of community life be measured? And Should we expect police activities to impact on measures of crime, disorder, and fear, and how will we know?