Multisite Evaluation of Shock Incarceration addresses the critical need for reliable information about the variety of boot camp programs currently in operation: in Federal and State prisons and local jails. Since their inception in 1983, shock incarceration programs (also known as boot camps, the terms are used interchangeably throughout this document) have enjoyed considerable popular support. As the name suggests, boot camp programs are modeled after military boot camp training. Participation in military drill and ceremony, physical training, and hard labor is mandatory. The military-style regime is generally supplemented with rehabilitative programming such as drug treatment/education or academic education, although the emphasis placed on such programming varies. Today, boot camps for adult felons exist in most States and in the Federal Bureau of Prisons.