Appendix 2: U.S. databases for the study Part 1

Appendix 2 - Part 1 tables in spreadsheets (29K zip file)

Appendix table 16.

U.S. murder 1981 1982 1983 1984

Number of police-recorded offenses 22,520 21,010 19,310 18,690

Population (in thousands) 229,146 231,534 233,981 236,158

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 population 0.0983 0.0907 0.0825 0.0791

Number of offenders per offense 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

Offender population 25,898 24,162 22,207 21,494

Number of offenders convicted 8,797 8,150

Population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 196,239 200,354

Number convicted per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.0448 0.0407

Number of offenders per conviction 2.9 2.7

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.340 0.367

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 340 367

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 8,272 7,688

Number incarcerated per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.042 0.038

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 94.0% 94.3%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.319 0.346

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 319.4 346.2

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 254.6 249.2

Time served before being released (in months) 94.0 105.7

Percent of incarceration sentence served 36.9% 42.4%

Number of days served per offender 914.0 1,114.1

Number of months served per offender 30.0 36.6

Number of persons arrested 21,590 20,310

U.S. murder 1985 1986 1987 1988

Number of police-recorded offenses 18,980 20,610 20,100 20,680

Population (in thousands) 238,740 241,077 243,400 245,807

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 population 0.0795 0.0855 0.0826 0.0841

Number of offenders per offense 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

Offender population 21,827 23,702 23,115 23,782

Number of offenders convicted 10,699 10,164

Population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 205,878 209,661

Number convicted per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.0520 0.0485

Number of offenders per conviction 2.2 2.3

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.451 0.427

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 451 427

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 10,024 9,522

Number incarcerated per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.049 0.045

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 93.7% 93.7%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.423 0.400

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 422.9 400.4

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 239.5 252.5

Time served before being released (in months) 108.9 112.3

Percent of incarceration sentence served 45.4% 44.5%

Number of days served per offender 1401.4 1368.4

Number of months served per offender 46.0 45.0

Number of persons arrested 19,190 21,890

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Appendix table 17.

U.S. murder 1989 1990 1991 1992

Number of police-recorded offenses 21,500 23,440 24,700 23,760

Population (in thousands) 248,239 248,710 252,177 255,082

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 population 0.0866 0.0942 0.0979 0.0931

Number of offenders per offense 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

Offender population 24,725 26,956 28,405 27,324

Number of offenders convicted 12,270 13,522

Population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 211,919 217,291

Number convicted per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.0579 0.0622

Number of offenders per conviction 2.2 2.0

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.455 0.495

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 455 495

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 11,501 12,974

Number incarcerated per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.054 0.060

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 93.7% 96.0%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.427 0.475

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 426.7 474.8

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 245.2 252.3

Time served before being released (in months) 112.8 122.2

Percent of incarceration sentence served 46.0% 48.4%

Number of days served per offender 1,464.9 1,765.7

Number of months served per offender 48.1 58.0

Number of persons arrested 22,990 22,510

U.S. murder 1993 1994 1995 1996

Number of police-recorded offenses 24,530 23,330 21,600 19,650

Population (in thousands) 257,908 260,341 262,755 265,284

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 population 0.0951 0.0896 0.0822 0.0741

Number of offenders per offense 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

Offender population 28,210 26,830 24,840 22,598

Number of offenders convicted 13,068

Population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 221,890 226,557

Number convicted per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.0589

Number of offenders per conviction 2.1

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.487

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 487

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 12,513

Number incarcerated per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.056

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 95.8%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.466

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 466.4

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 266.4

Time served before being released (in months) 126.9

Percent of incarceration sentence served 47.6%

Number of days served per offender 1801.6

Number of months served per offender 59.2

Number of persons arrested 22,100

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Appendix table 18.

U.S. rape 1981 1982 1983 1984

Number of police-recorded offenses 82,500 78,770 78,920 84,230

Female population (in thousands) 116,864 118,082 119,330 120,441

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 female population 0.7059 0.6671 0.6614 0.6993

Number of offenders per offense 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Offender population 99,000 94,524 94,704 101,076

Number of offenders convicted 9,559 9,804

Male population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 96,157 98,173

Number convicted per 1,000 male population ages 10 or older 0.0994 0.0999

Number of offenders per conviction 10.4 9.7

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.097 0.104

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 97 104

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 7,857 8,059

Number incarcerated per 1,000 male population ages 10 or older 0.082 0.082

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 82.2% 82.2%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.079 0.085

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 79.4 85.1

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 123.2 92.1

Time served before being released (in months) 59.3 46.9

Percent of incarceration sentence served 48.1% 51.0%

Number of days served per offender 143.3 121.5

Number of months served per offender 4.7 4.0

Number of persons arrested 31,710 34,080

U.S. rape 1985 1986 1987 1988

Number of police-recorded offenses 88,670 91,460 91,110 92,490

Female population (in thousands) 121,757 122,949 124,134 125,362

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 female population 0.7283 0.7439 0.7340 0.7378

Number of offenders per offense 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Offender population 106,404 109,752 109,332 110,988

Number of offenders convicted 17,754 17,558

Male population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 100,880 102,734

Number convicted per 1,000 male population ages 10 or older 0.1760 0.1709

Number of offenders per conviction 6.2 6.3

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.162 0.158

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 162 158

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 14,640 14,476

Number incarcerated per 1,000 male population ages 10 or older 0.145 0.141

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 82.5% 82.4%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.133 0.130

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 133.4 130.4

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 125.2 140.9

Time served before being released (in months) 53.4 62.4

Percent of incarceration sentence served 42.7% 44.3%

Number of days served per offender 216.9 247.5

Number of months served per offender 7.1 8.1

Number of persons arrested 37,140 38,610

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Appendix table 19.

U.S. rape 1989 1990 1991 1992

Number of police-recorded offenses 94,500 102,560 106,590 109,060

Female population (in thousands) 126,602 126,842 128,610 130,092

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 female population 0.7464 0.8086 0.8288 0.8383

Number of offenders per offense 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Offender population 113,400 123,072 127,908 130,872

Number of offenders convicted 20,277 24,711

Male population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 103,840 106,473

Number convicted per 1,000 male population ages 10 or older 0.1953 0.2321

Number of offenders per conviction 6.1 5.3

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.165 0.189

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 165 189

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 16,586 20,215

Number incarcerated per 1,000 male population ages 10 or older 0.160 0.190

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 81.8% 81.8%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.135 0.154

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 134.8 154.5

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 121.9 124.0

Time served before being released (in months) 59.9 69.5

Percent of incarceration sentence served 49.1% 56.1%

Number of days served per offender 245.7 327.0

Number of months served per offender 8.1 10.7

Number of persons arrested 39,160 39,100

U.S. rape 1993 1994 1995 1996

Number of police-recorded offenses 106,010 102,220 97,460 95,770

Female population (in thousands) 131,533 132,774 134,005 135,295

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 female population 0.8060 0.7699 0.7273 0.7079

Number of offenders per offense 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Offender population 127,212 122,664 116,952 114,924

Number of offenders convicted 23,047

Male population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 108,726 111,013

Number convicted per 1,000 male population ages 10 or older 0.2120

Number of offenders per conviction 5.3

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.188

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 188

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 19,000

Number incarcerated per 1,000 male population ages 10 or older 0.175

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 82.4%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.155

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 154.9

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 123.0

Time served before being released (in months) 67.6

Percent of incarceration sentence served 54.9%

Number of days served per offender 318.7

Number of months served per offender 10.5

Number of persons arrested 36,610

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Appendix table 20.

U.S. robbery 1981 1982 1983 1984

Victim survey offenses 1,380,800 1,333,700 1,149,170 1,116,680

Population ages 12 or older (in thousands) 186,336 188,497 190,504 191,962

Survey crime rate per 1,000 population ages 12 or older 7.41 7.08 6.03 5.82

Number of offenders per offense 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

Percent of offenses reported to police 56.0% 56.0% 53.0% 54.0%

Number of offenses reported to police 773,248 746,872 609,060 603,007

Number of comparable offenses recorded by police 503,075 469,322 429,817 411,523

Probability of an offense being recorded by police 0.364 0.352 0.374 0.369

Percent of reported offenses that were recorded by police 65.1% 62.8% 70.6% 68.2%

Number of police-recorded offenses 592,910 553,130 506,570 485,010

Population (in thousands) 229,146 231,534 233,981 236,158

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 population 2.587 2.389 2.165 2.054

Number of offenders convicted 55,517 48,334

Population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 196,239 200,354

Number convicted per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.283 0.241

Offender population 3,251,491 2,706,052

Number of offenders per conviction 58.6 56.0

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.017 0.018

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 17 18

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 43,471 38,412

Number incarcerated per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.222 0.192

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 78.3% 79.5%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.013 0.014

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 13.4 14.2

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 81.9 73.3

Time served before being released (in months) 41.0 37.9

Percent of incarceration sentence served 50.1% 51.8%

Number of days served per offender 16.7 16.4

Number of persons arrested 153,890 146,170

U.S. robbery 1985 1986 1987 1988

Victim survey offenses 984,810 1,009,160 1,045,960 1,048,000

Population ages 12 or older (in thousands) 194,097 196,160 197,727 199,412

Survey crime rate per 1,000 population ages 12 or older 5.07 5.14 5.29 5.26

Number of offenders per offense 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

Percent of offenses reported to police 54.0% 58.0% 55.0% 57.0%

Number of offenses reported to police 531,797 585,313 575,278 597,360

Number of comparable offenses recorded by police 422,435 460,540 439,260 460,701

Probability of an offense being recorded by police 0.429 0.456 0.420 0.440

Percent of reported offenses that were recorded by police 79.4% 78.7% 76.4% 77.1%

Number of police-recorded offenses 497,870 542,780 517,700 542,970

Population (in thousands) 238,740 241,077 243,400 245,807

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 population 2.085 2.251 2.127 2.209

Number of offenders convicted 56,563 48,996

Population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 205,878 209,661

Number convicted per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.275 0.234

Offender population 2,376,358 2,467,818

Number of offenders per conviction 42.0 50.4

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.024 0.020

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 24 20

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 43,742 39,273

Number incarcerated per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.212 0.187

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 77.3% 80.2%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.018 0.016

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 18.4 15.9

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 110.8 90.4

Time served before being released (in months) 48.9 41.0

Percent of incarceration sentence served 44.1% 45.4%

Number of days served per offender 27.4 19.9

Number of persons arrested 145,800 149,100

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Appendix table 21.

U.S. robbery 1989 1990 1991 1992

Victim survey offenses 1,091,830 1,149,710 1,203,020 1,271,830

Population ages 12 or older (in thousands) 201,376 203,274 204,280 209,353

Survey crime rate per 1,000 population ages 12 or older 5.42 5.66 5.89 6.08

Number of offenders per offense 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

Percent of offenses reported to police 51.0% 50.0% 55.0% 58.0%

Number of offenses reported to police 556,833 574,855 661,661 737,661

Number of comparable offenses recorded by police 490,704 542,410 583,528 570,589

Probability of an offense being recorded by police 0.449 0.472 0.485 0.449

Percent of reported offenses that were recorded by police 88.1% 94.4% 88.2% 77.4%

Number of police-recorded offenses 578,330 639,270 687,730 672,480

Population (in thousands) 248,239 248,710 252,177 255,082

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 population 2.330 2.570 2.727 2.636

Number of offenders convicted 63,230 70,560

Population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 211,919 217,292

Number convicted per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.298 0.325

Offender population 2,707,323 2,994,890

Number of offenders per conviction 42.8 42.4

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.023 0.024

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 23 24

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 51,536 57,059

Number incarcerated per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.243 0.263

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 81.5% 80.9%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated 0.019 0.019

Number incarcerated per 1,000 offenders 19.0 19.1

Incarceration sentence length (in months) 85.5 87.6

Time served before being released (in months) 41.4 42.0

Percent of incarceration sentence served 48.4% 48.0%

Number of days served per offender 24.0 24.4

Number of persons arrested 167,990 173,310

U.S. robbery 1993 1994 1995 1996

Victim survey offenses 1,291,020 1,298,750 1,141,820 1,134,000

Population ages 12 or older (in thousands) 211,525 213,747 215,081 217,234

Survey crime rate per 1,000 population ages 12 or older 6.10 6.08 5.31 5.22

Number of offenders per offense 1.8 1.8 1.8

Percent of offenses reported to police 56.0% 55.0% 55.0%

Number of offenses reported to police 722,971 714,313 628,001

Number of comparable offenses recorded by police 559,889 525,169 492,587

Probability of an offense being recorded by police 0.434 0.404 0.431

Percent of reported offenses that were recorded by police 77.4% 73.5% 78.4%

Number of police-recorded offenses 659,870 618,950 580,550 537,050

Population (in thousands) 257,908 260,341 262,755 265,284

Police-recorded crime rate per 1,000 population 2.559 2.377 2.209 2.024

Number of offenders convicted 65,829

Population ages 10 or older (in thousands) 221,890 226,557

Number convicted per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.297

Offender population 3,058,281

Number of offenders per conviction 46.5

Probability of an offender being convicted 0.022

Number of convictions per 1,000 offenders 22

Number of offenders sentenced to incarceration 51,734

Number incarcerated per 1,000 population ages 10 or older 0.233

Percent of convicted offenders who were incarcerated 78.6%

Probability of an offender being incarcerated

Crime and Justice in the United States and in England and Wales, 1981-96

Appendix 2: U.S. databases for the study Part 1

Crime and Justice in the United States
and in England and Wales, 1981-96