The number of white adults under correctional supervision increased by nearly two-thirds from 1986 to 1997 (2.1 million in 1986 to 3.4 million in 1997), with an overall average annual increase of 4.6% over the 11 year period. From 1986 to 1990, the average annual increase in the number of whites under correctional supervision was 6.3%, with the smallest percentage increase occurring in 1987 (4.9%, or 102,100) and the largest percentage increase in 1989 (7.3% or 172,600). The average annual increase in the white population slowed to 2.5% from 1991 to 1993, with the largest percentage increase in 1992 (3.4%, or 93,500) and the smallest percentage increase in 1993 (1.3% or 36,300). For the period 1993 to 1997, the average annual increase in the number of whites under correctional supervision increased to 4.5%, with the largest percentage increase in 1994 (6.5% or 185,800) and the smallest percentage increase in 1996 (2.3%, or 73,900).
The number of black adults under correctional supervision increased by 92.4% from 1986 to 1997 (1.1 million in 1986 to 2.1 million in 1997), with an average annual increase of 6.1% over the 11 year period. From 1986 to 1993, the average annual increase in the number of blacks under correctional supervision was 8.8%, with increases exceeding 10% in both 1987 and 1989. The smallest percentage increase in the number of blacks under correctional supervision during the 1986 to 1993 time period occurred in 1991 (6.8% or 110,600). The average annual increase in the black population under correctional supervision slowed to 1.7% from 1993 to 1997, with a high of 2.9% (59,500) in 1996 and lows of 0.3% in both 1994 and 1995 (with increases of 6,400 and 6,000, respectively).
The number of adults of other races under correctional supervision increased by two and one-half times from 1986 to 1997 (32,000 in 1986 to almost 114,000 in 1997), with an average annual increase of 12.2% over the 11 year period. Increases of more than 10% occurred in 1995 (38.1%, an increase of 24,900), 1996 (15.9%, an increase of 14,300), 1989 (14.1%, an increase of 5,600), 1987 (13.1%, an increase of 4,200), and 1993 (12.5%, an increase of 6,700). The smallest percentage increase was in 1991 (0.2%, or an increase of 100).